EMPIRE IN THE GRASSLANDS: The Eighth Circuit before 1929

CHIEF STANDING BEAR

The Ponca are a small, peaceful tribe related to the Omaha that once lived along the Atlantic Coast, moving sometime before 1500 to the area that would come to be known as Minnesota. After attacks by the Sioux, they settled between the Missouri and the Niobrara rivers in what is now northern Nebraska and South Dakota. They considered this land of the Swift Running Water, as they called the Niobrara, their home.

JUDGE CONMY

Oral History Interview of Honorable Patrick A. Conmy, Senior U.S. District Judge for the District of North Dakota